PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

Virtue Ethics

·         Virtue Ethics is a departure from the traditional approaches discuss so far.

·         Virtue Ethics can be defined  as follows:-

Virtue Ethics contends that morally correct actions are those undertaken by actors with virtuous characters. Therefore, the formation of a virtuous character is the first step towards morally correct behaviour.

·         This are set of acquired characters that enables a person to lead a good life.

·         Central of the ethics of virtue is the notion of “good life”.

·         For Aristotle, one of the original proponents of virtue ethics is happiness.

·         For example: a happy businessperson would not only be one who finally makes the most money, but one who does so by at the same time savouring the pleasure of a virtuous manner of achieving their success. 

CODE OF ETHICS

·         Code of ethics are voluntary statements that commit organizations, industries, or professions to specific beliefs, values, and actions and/or that set out appropriate ethical behavior for employees.

·         There are four main type of ethical codes:-

(i)           Organizational or corporate codes of ethics- these are specific to a single organization. Basically these codes seek to identify and encourage ethical behaviour at the level of the individual organization. 

(ii)          Professional Codes of Ethics – Traditional professional groups such as doctors, lawyers and accountant have their own guidelines for their members. However this is increasingly common for other professions such as marketing or engineers to have their own conduct.

(iii)        Industry Code of Ethics- particular industries also sometimes have their own codes of ethics. For example, in 2005 the electronic industry released its code of conduct to ensure the working environment is safe to work, workers are treated with respect and dignity and the manufacturing process are environmentally responsible. This code was developed by a number companies together including Dell, Hewlett, IBM.

(iv)         Programme or Group codes of ethics:- This are code of ethics established by certain programmers, or other sub-grouping of organization participating in specific programmers. For example the usage of a certain label or trademark.

·         Consequently, codes of ethics are usually written in general terms, nothing obligations to each group without stating which one of them take precedence in any given situation.

·         In terms of the content, codes of ethics typically address a variety of issues, many of which appear to reflect industry factors and the prevailing concerns of the general public.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

RIGHT ETHICS AND DUTY ETHICS

·         In terms of ethical theory, rights can be define along with the following lines:-

  “  Natural rights are certain basic, important, unalienable entitlements that should be respected and protected in every single action.

·         This notion of rights goes back to the British philosopher  John Locke (1632-1714). He created the concept of the ‘natural rights’ that humans are entitled to and which should be respected and protected.

·         This has extended to include the right to freedom of speech, conscience, consent, privacy and the entitlement to fair legal rights whereby this rights has been enunciated by Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804, a German philosopher) and is called the Kantian/Rights.

·         The significance of the notion of the rights of an ethical theory lies in the fact that these rights typically result in the duty of others to respect them.

·         Today basic human rights will include also right to life, liberty, justice, education, fair trial, fair wages etc.

·         It should be noted that rights are connected with duties, since the right of one person can result in a corresponding duty for other person to respect, protect or facilitate these rights. For example, my right to privacy imposes a duty on others to refrain from gathering personal information about my personal life without my consent.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

THE MEANING OF ETHICS

·         Ethics have been generally defined as the principles of morally acceptable conduct of individuals.

·         Ethics can generally be defined as an individual’s personal belief about right and wrong behaviour.

·         Merriam Webster defines ethics as “ the embodiment of those values that the person or organization feels are important….., and spell our proper conduct and appropriate action. ..”

·         The importance of ethics is that for the well-being of the individual officers and directors, as well as the employees.

THE MEANING OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

·         Professional ethics designates the moral value that a group trained people develop to control their performance of a task or their resources.

·         People internalize the rule and values of their professional culture just as they do those of their society.

·         The reflexivity adhere professional rules and values when deciding how to behave.

·         Some organization have many groups of professional employees – nurses, lawyers, researches, doctors and accountants – whose behaviour is governed by professional ethics.

·         Professional ethics helps shape the organization’s culture and determine the values its members use in their dealings with other stakeholders.

·         Most professional groups are allowed to enforce the ethical standards of their profession. 

DRAWING FOR DESIGNER

LEARNING OUTCOMES

This module provides an introduction to the issues, concepts and processes associated with the two and three dimensional design, namely method and skill pertaining to freehand, drafted and digital representation in order to develop the visual communication of ideas, objects and their context.

At the end of this module, students will be able to:

Knowledge

• Develop skill in conceptual analysis and presentation

Thinking skills

• undertake visual research to support ideas
• Recognize how practices are pertinent to a wider cultural context

Subject based practical skills

• Demonstrate knowledge and skills of conceptual analysis through discussion and in written form
• Evaluate and use source materials

Programme Objectives

• Develop and understanding of the fundamental elements of drawing and their relationship to composition
• Demonstrate skills in drawing and image making
• Demonstrate and awareness of drawing as a communication medium, including the basics or narrative image making.
• Explore conceptual image making through representational and observational drawing  

MULTIMEDIA DESIGN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

After done modelling, texturing and lighting, next step is rendering in high quality. This is the 10 High quality jpeg.

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DRAWING FOR DESIGNER

DRAWING FOR DESIGNER

In this subject, we relearn what we have learn before about drawing. This module help us polishing the knowledge of technique and learning new technique in this semester. Here I develop my skill in drawing by using all of the technique.

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RECREATIONAL CLUB

REPORT

“RE-CREATE IF” PROGRAM REPORT

Green living or sustainable living is fundamentally of the applications of sustainability to lifestyle choice and decisions. One conceptions of sustainable living express what it mean in triple-bottom-lines term as meeting present ecological, societal and economical need without compromising these factors for future generations. Another broader conception describes sustainable living in terms of four interconnected social domains: economics, ecology, politics and culture. Using green living as our main theme, we organized a one day event that called “RE-CREATE IF” program.

“RECREATE IF” program is a program that organized after our group discussing what green living lifestyle is and then we decide to create this event by volunteering for beach cleaning. This program also supporting the government campaign “Separation at Source 2016” and also Beach Conservation program. The event was held on 22^nd July 2016 at Teluk Kemang Beach, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan. The event was attended by 2 lecturers, 8 Degree students and 10 Diploma students.

At 7.30 am, we assemble near B2 car parking to await for bus and leave to Teluk Kemang Beach on 8 am. We arrive at Teluk Kemang around 9 am, after 5 minute briefing, preparations and dividing groups, we start our cleaning beach activity. All the trashes that we collected then is divided into categories, for example plastic bottle cap in category, ice-cream stick, plastic bags and etc. After categorized all of the trashes, we start another briefing for our “RE-CREATE IF” session, where we going to recreate something with the trashes that we collected. After a moment of discussion, we decided to create mermaid sculpture from it.

FLYER

QUESTION

This 6 questions below is given after we done our Re-create If program,

1.      How do you describe eco art?

For me, eco art is an art that created using eco product, for example using soy ink colors for printing and using recycle papers. Eco art also look into art that created by artists who are concerned with the state of both local and global environmental situations. Eco-artists are concerned about the environment. As such, they often create art that improves an area environmentally and/or that highlights a specific environmental issue. It must also be noted that eco-art addresses aesthetics, ethics, politics, culture, and economics, and the impact these have on the world’s ecosystems. To remediate and reclaim damaged natural environments, often restoring ecosystems in artistic ways. Eco-art can help bring communities together through their shared respect and love for their environment. Neglected and abandoned spaces can be given new life and purpose. Eco-art serves to highlight environmental issues within communities, and while it doesn’t necessarily make a huge immediate change to the earth, it can make a difference in terms of our thinking and our actions.

2.      Why it is important to reuse, reduce, recycle and refuse?

4R is create to help people to live in sustainable living by practicing this idea.

·         Reuse

Reuse is where you can reusing the item you buy that can be reuse for a long period for example plastic bags, glass bottles. Reuse is one way to save and create something from the waste.

·         Reduce

Reduce is where you cutting down the waste that you produce daily. Waste reduction is preferred approach to waste management as it save the management cost. The idea is you consume less and less waste produce.

·         Recycle

Recycle is a way of waste prevention but it not effective as to recycle, we need to create waste. But recycle also help by looping and remake the item, for example creating the water bottle from the previous water bottle and remaking paper.

·         Refuse

Refuse is a way of thinking or the ideology by some people, where someone need to refuse creating waste, so that waste is not be produce.

3.      Have you ever experience involve in this kind of activity?

Yes. When I still in primary school and secondary school as the 4R program has been conduct for nearly a decade ago. It is exciting activity to be involve with because it help me to contributing to save the nature. It give the morale boost that we see in every ecologist and in everyone that want to live in good eco life.

4.       Do you feel the project is success? If yes, why? If no, why?

Yes. Because I can see many that everyone that involve in the project is happy to contribute in prevent any damage in our nature as in beach. Beach is one of other environment that need to be save as beach population can help to endanger marine species like sea turtle and the ecosystems around it.

5.      What do you find most interesting/satisfying about working as part of this program?

The most interesting part working part in this program is the first time Diploma and Degree students interact in each other to contribute in this project. We enjoy the day by playing and creating sculpture using the trashes. We also give our opinion and idea what we going to create.

6.      What do you differently in future?

I might thinking to bring this project into a bigger scale because it give people idea to think and changing their mentality by helping little by little in protecting our Earth. 

MULTIMEDIA DESIGN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

FINAL DESIGN

After make a few changes and develop my idea for booth design, finally i come with the last result of my design. I put some texture and also the colour of my booth design. After that, i put some lighting on my booth design and the final step is rendering. Render production is to save my booth design in format of jpeg file. Here is my exhibition booth design. 

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MULTIMEDIA ADVANCED NEW TECHNOLOGIES

TUTORIAL

In this semester, I learn new software. This software is known as 3DS MAX. 3DS MAX is use to modelling in three dimension. This software work the same as 3D MAYA but more easy to learn.

I learn using 3ds max by tutorial that been given by my lecturer, YouTube and also from other resources that given 3ds Max tutorial.

MULTIMEDIA DESIGN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

EXHIBITION BOOTH

Before starting my design on exhibition booth, I search for 10 references that will help or giving me inspiration on creating my exhibition booth.

This are 10 references of exhibition booth that I look into. I mostly focus on food exhibition booth because my product is about food but I also look into others booth design.

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But, my choice of booth design inspirations is come from SIAM Food Services. It has the smooth and sleek design, not to crowded and customers can look into the booth in one round. Below is other booth that I look into.

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MANAGING DESIGN

TATTOO MACHINE

TRADITIONAL TATTOO

Some tribal cultures traditionally created tattoo by cutting designs into the skin and rubbing the resulting wound with ink, ashes or other agents. Some cultures continue this practice, which may be an adjunct to scarification.  Some cultures create tattooed marks by hand-tapping the ink into the skin using sharpened sticks or animal bones (made like needles) with clay formed disks or, in modern times, needles. 

Image 1: The process of tapping ink into skin using traditional tattoo machine. Image taken from https://ibanology.wordpress.com/2013/08/18/tattoo-of-an-iban-from-borneo/

Image 2: Shaping tattoo into the skin. Image taken from https://ibanology.wordpress.com/2013/08/18/tattoo-of-an-iban-from-borneo/

MODERN TATTOO

The most common method of tattooing in modern times is the electric tattoo machine. which inserts ink into the skin via a single needle or a group of needles that are soldered onto a bar, which is attached to an oscillating unit. The unit rapidly and repeatedly drives the needles in and out of the skin, usually 80 to 150 times a second. This modern procedure is ordinarily sanitary. The needles are single-use needles that come packaged individually. The tattoo artist must wash his or her hands and must also wash the area that will be tattooed. Gloves must be worn at all times and the wound must be wiped frequently with a wet disposable towel of some kind. The equipment must be sterilized in a certified autoclave before and after every use.

Image 3: Example of electric tattoo machine. Image taken from http://tattoomagz.com/wp-content/uploads/the-best-tattoo-machines-tattoo-machines-for-the-modern-generation-65416.jpg

Image 4: Tattoo process using modern tattoo machine. Image taken from http://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/NTY1WDg0OQ==/z/jdkAAOSweW5VNMSo/$_32.JPG?set_id=880000500F

TATTOO INK

Early tattoo inks were obtained directly from nature and were extremely limited in pigment variety. In ancient Hawaii, for example, Kukui nut ash was blended with coconut oil to produce an ebony ink.Today, an almost unlimited number of colors and shades of tattoo ink are mass-produced and sold to parlors worldwide. Tattoo artists commonly mix these inks to create their own unique pigments.

Image 5: Example of tattoo ink. Image taken from http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0698/4225/files/StableColorInkSingles.jpg?592

Image 6: Glow in Dark tattoo ink. Image taken from https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/600x315/ec/97/e2/ec97e2b5a6b49473411667ee4b0eaa63.jpg

MANAGING DESIGN

TATTOO OF AN IBAN

For Borneo's Dayak peoples, spirit embody everything: animals, plants and humans. Many groups have drawn on this power by using images from nature in their tattoos, creating a composite of floral motifs images. Tattoo are created by artist who consult spirit guides to reveal a design. Among the Iban, the largest and most feared indigenous group in Borneo, men apply tattoo.

These tattoos are blue-black, make of soot or powdered charcoal, substances thought to ward off malevolent spirits. Some groups spike their pigments with charms-a ground-up piece of a meteorite or a shard of animal bone- to make their tattoo even more powerful. For the outline, the artist attaches up to 5 bamboo splinters or European needles to a stick. After dipping them in pigment, he or she taps them into the skin with mallet. Solid area are fined in circular configuration of 15 to 20 needles.

RITUAL TATTOOING

Traditionally, Dayak tattooing was performed in a sacred ritual among gathered tribe members. Among the Ngaju Dayak, Krutak said the tattoo artist began with the a sacrifice to ancestor spirits, killing a chicken or other fowl and spilling it blood. After a period of chanting, the artist started on extremely painful tattooing process that often lasted 6 or 8 hours. Some tattoos were applied over many week. For coming of age tattoo rituals, the village men dressed in bark-cloth. This cloth, made from the paper mulberry tree, also draped corpses and was worn by widows.

Image 1: Coming of Age tattoo also known as Bungai Terung. Image taken from https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/b8/f8/bd/b8f8bd8e649586cac6ac9cfc44255669.jpg

HEAD-HUNTING TATTOO

One Dayak group, the Iban, believe that the soul inhabit the head. Therefore, taking the head of one's enemy gives yo their soul. Taking the head also conferred your victim's status, skill and power, which helped ensure farming success and fertility among the tribe. Upon return from a successful head-hunting raid, participants were promptly recognized with tattoo inked on their tattoo.

Image 2: Head-Hunting Tattoo. Image taken from http://www.borneoheadhunter.com/basics/images/img1.jpg

References is taken from https://ibanology.wordpress.com/2013/08/18/tattoo-of-an-iban-from-borneo/

MANAGING DESIGN

RESEARCH OF TATTOO

Tattoo is a form of modification, made by inserting ink, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin change the pigment. The word tattoo or tattow in 18th century, is a loan word from the Polynesian word tatau meaning "correct, workman like".

The first written reference to the word tattoo(or tatau) appears in the journal of Joseph Bank( 24 February 1743- 19 June 1820), the naturalist aboard Captain Cook's ship the HMS Endeavour. Tattoo enthusiasts may refer to tattoos as "ink", "pieces", "skin art", "tattoo art".


TYPES OF TATTOO

The American Academy of Dermatology distinguished 5 types of tattoo:

1. Traumatic Tattoo(Natural Tattoo)
2. Amateur & Professional Tattoo
3. Identification Tattoo
4. Comestic Tattoo
5. Medical Tattoo

1. Traumatic Tattoo(Natural Tattoo)

According to George Cowell, coal miners could develop characteristics tattoo owing to coal dust getting into wounds. Similarly, a traumatic tattoo occurs when a substance such as asphalt is rubbed into a wound as the result of some kind of accident or trauma. An amalgam tattoo is when amalgam particles are implanted in the soft tissues of the mouth, usually gums, during dental filling placement or removal. Another example of such accidental stabbing with pencil or pen.

Image 1: Traumatic Tattoo taken from http://www.avalonmedispa.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/TraumaticTattoo.png

2. Amateur and Professional Tattoo

Many tattoos serves as rites of passage, mark of status and rank, symbols of religious and spiritual devotion, decorations for bravery, sexual lures and marks of fertility, pledges of love and etc. The symbolism and impact of tattoos varies in different places and cultures. Today people choose to be tattooed for artistic, cosmetic, sentimental, religious and etc.

Image 2: Professional and Amateur Tattoo taken from http://www.kissyourinkgoodbye.com/uploads/5/0/1/9/50198399/4868652.jpg?299

3. Identification

People forcibly been tattooed. A well known example is the Nazi practise of forcibly tattooing Nazi concentration camp inmates with numbers during Holocaust as part of Nazi's Identification system in order to identify the bodies registered prisoners in the concentration camp. Tattoo also has been used for identification in other ways for example in early Zhou, Chinese authorities would employs facial tattoo as a punishments for certain crimes or to mark prisoner or slaves. In period of early contact between Maori and Europeans, the Maori people hunted and decapitated each others for their moko tattoos, which they traded for Europeans items.
Tattoo are sometimes used by forensic pathologists to help them identify burned, petrified or mutilated bodies as tattoo pigment lies encapsulated deep in skin, tattoo are not easy to destroy even when the skin is burned.

Image 3: Identification Tattoo of inmate of concentration camp taken from http://inkalab.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/identification.jpg

4. Cosmetic Tattoo(Permanent makeup)

The cosmetic surgery industry continues to see a trend of increased popularity for both surgical and non invasive procedures. When used as a form of cosmetics, tattooing includes permanent makeup and hiding or neutralising skin discolorations. Permanent makeup is use on tattoo is to enhanced eyebrows, lip liner, eyeliner and mole. The colour they usually use is natural colour as it to resemble makeup.

Image 4: Cosmetic Tattoo taken from http://sydneycosmetictattoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Cosmetic-tattoo-web1.jpg

5. Medical Tattoo

Medical tattoo is used to re information the wearer about they blood type, medical condition and etc. Some use tattoo as treatment for vitiligo, skin pigmentation disorder. Tattoo also use in Alzheimer's patient where they put they name so that they can be identified if they are missing.

Image 5: Example of medical tattoo taken from http://www.rcinet.ca/english/illustration/chronicle/HsMHPl_ScreenShot122.jpg

TATTOO RISKS

Because tattoo is required by breaking skin it can leads into allergic reaction and infection. Modern tattoos is low the risks of the infection by following universal precautions by using one single items and sterilising their equipment after each use. In amateur tattooing such as practising in the prison, there is an elevated risks for infections that been transmitted by the use of unsterilised tattoo equipment. for example fungal infection, hiv, herpes simplex virus and etc.

Image 6: Example of risks of tattoo taken at http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/tattoos_slideshow/phototake_rm_photo_of_MRSA_infected_tattoo.jpg

REMOVAL OF TATTOO

While tattoo is considered as permanent, they also can be removed fully or partially by laser treatments. Typically, black and some coloured inks can be removed more completely than inks of other colours. The expense and pain associated with removing tattoos are typically greater than the expense and pain associated with applying them. 

Image 7: Laser tattoo removal taken from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Laser_Tattoo_Removal_Alice_Pien_MD_AMAskincare.jpg