MANAGING DESIGN

TATTOO MACHINE

TRADITIONAL TATTOO

Some tribal cultures traditionally created tattoo by cutting designs into the skin and rubbing the resulting wound with ink, ashes or other agents. Some cultures continue this practice, which may be an adjunct to scarification.  Some cultures create tattooed marks by hand-tapping the ink into the skin using sharpened sticks or animal bones (made like needles) with clay formed disks or, in modern times, needles. 

Image 1: The process of tapping ink into skin using traditional tattoo machine. Image taken from https://ibanology.wordpress.com/2013/08/18/tattoo-of-an-iban-from-borneo/

Image 2: Shaping tattoo into the skin. Image taken from https://ibanology.wordpress.com/2013/08/18/tattoo-of-an-iban-from-borneo/

MODERN TATTOO

The most common method of tattooing in modern times is the electric tattoo machine. which inserts ink into the skin via a single needle or a group of needles that are soldered onto a bar, which is attached to an oscillating unit. The unit rapidly and repeatedly drives the needles in and out of the skin, usually 80 to 150 times a second. This modern procedure is ordinarily sanitary. The needles are single-use needles that come packaged individually. The tattoo artist must wash his or her hands and must also wash the area that will be tattooed. Gloves must be worn at all times and the wound must be wiped frequently with a wet disposable towel of some kind. The equipment must be sterilized in a certified autoclave before and after every use.

Image 3: Example of electric tattoo machine. Image taken from http://tattoomagz.com/wp-content/uploads/the-best-tattoo-machines-tattoo-machines-for-the-modern-generation-65416.jpg

Image 4: Tattoo process using modern tattoo machine. Image taken from http://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/NTY1WDg0OQ==/z/jdkAAOSweW5VNMSo/$_32.JPG?set_id=880000500F

TATTOO INK

Early tattoo inks were obtained directly from nature and were extremely limited in pigment variety. In ancient Hawaii, for example, Kukui nut ash was blended with coconut oil to produce an ebony ink.Today, an almost unlimited number of colors and shades of tattoo ink are mass-produced and sold to parlors worldwide. Tattoo artists commonly mix these inks to create their own unique pigments.

Image 5: Example of tattoo ink. Image taken from http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0698/4225/files/StableColorInkSingles.jpg?592

Image 6: Glow in Dark tattoo ink. Image taken from https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/600x315/ec/97/e2/ec97e2b5a6b49473411667ee4b0eaa63.jpg

MANAGING DESIGN

TATTOO OF AN IBAN

For Borneo's Dayak peoples, spirit embody everything: animals, plants and humans. Many groups have drawn on this power by using images from nature in their tattoos, creating a composite of floral motifs images. Tattoo are created by artist who consult spirit guides to reveal a design. Among the Iban, the largest and most feared indigenous group in Borneo, men apply tattoo.

These tattoos are blue-black, make of soot or powdered charcoal, substances thought to ward off malevolent spirits. Some groups spike their pigments with charms-a ground-up piece of a meteorite or a shard of animal bone- to make their tattoo even more powerful. For the outline, the artist attaches up to 5 bamboo splinters or European needles to a stick. After dipping them in pigment, he or she taps them into the skin with mallet. Solid area are fined in circular configuration of 15 to 20 needles.

RITUAL TATTOOING

Traditionally, Dayak tattooing was performed in a sacred ritual among gathered tribe members. Among the Ngaju Dayak, Krutak said the tattoo artist began with the a sacrifice to ancestor spirits, killing a chicken or other fowl and spilling it blood. After a period of chanting, the artist started on extremely painful tattooing process that often lasted 6 or 8 hours. Some tattoos were applied over many week. For coming of age tattoo rituals, the village men dressed in bark-cloth. This cloth, made from the paper mulberry tree, also draped corpses and was worn by widows.

Image 1: Coming of Age tattoo also known as Bungai Terung. Image taken from https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/b8/f8/bd/b8f8bd8e649586cac6ac9cfc44255669.jpg

HEAD-HUNTING TATTOO

One Dayak group, the Iban, believe that the soul inhabit the head. Therefore, taking the head of one's enemy gives yo their soul. Taking the head also conferred your victim's status, skill and power, which helped ensure farming success and fertility among the tribe. Upon return from a successful head-hunting raid, participants were promptly recognized with tattoo inked on their tattoo.

Image 2: Head-Hunting Tattoo. Image taken from http://www.borneoheadhunter.com/basics/images/img1.jpg

References is taken from https://ibanology.wordpress.com/2013/08/18/tattoo-of-an-iban-from-borneo/

MANAGING DESIGN

RESEARCH OF TATTOO

Tattoo is a form of modification, made by inserting ink, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin change the pigment. The word tattoo or tattow in 18th century, is a loan word from the Polynesian word tatau meaning "correct, workman like".

The first written reference to the word tattoo(or tatau) appears in the journal of Joseph Bank( 24 February 1743- 19 June 1820), the naturalist aboard Captain Cook's ship the HMS Endeavour. Tattoo enthusiasts may refer to tattoos as "ink", "pieces", "skin art", "tattoo art".


TYPES OF TATTOO

The American Academy of Dermatology distinguished 5 types of tattoo:

1. Traumatic Tattoo(Natural Tattoo)
2. Amateur & Professional Tattoo
3. Identification Tattoo
4. Comestic Tattoo
5. Medical Tattoo

1. Traumatic Tattoo(Natural Tattoo)

According to George Cowell, coal miners could develop characteristics tattoo owing to coal dust getting into wounds. Similarly, a traumatic tattoo occurs when a substance such as asphalt is rubbed into a wound as the result of some kind of accident or trauma. An amalgam tattoo is when amalgam particles are implanted in the soft tissues of the mouth, usually gums, during dental filling placement or removal. Another example of such accidental stabbing with pencil or pen.

Image 1: Traumatic Tattoo taken from http://www.avalonmedispa.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/TraumaticTattoo.png

2. Amateur and Professional Tattoo

Many tattoos serves as rites of passage, mark of status and rank, symbols of religious and spiritual devotion, decorations for bravery, sexual lures and marks of fertility, pledges of love and etc. The symbolism and impact of tattoos varies in different places and cultures. Today people choose to be tattooed for artistic, cosmetic, sentimental, religious and etc.

Image 2: Professional and Amateur Tattoo taken from http://www.kissyourinkgoodbye.com/uploads/5/0/1/9/50198399/4868652.jpg?299

3. Identification

People forcibly been tattooed. A well known example is the Nazi practise of forcibly tattooing Nazi concentration camp inmates with numbers during Holocaust as part of Nazi's Identification system in order to identify the bodies registered prisoners in the concentration camp. Tattoo also has been used for identification in other ways for example in early Zhou, Chinese authorities would employs facial tattoo as a punishments for certain crimes or to mark prisoner or slaves. In period of early contact between Maori and Europeans, the Maori people hunted and decapitated each others for their moko tattoos, which they traded for Europeans items.
Tattoo are sometimes used by forensic pathologists to help them identify burned, petrified or mutilated bodies as tattoo pigment lies encapsulated deep in skin, tattoo are not easy to destroy even when the skin is burned.

Image 3: Identification Tattoo of inmate of concentration camp taken from http://inkalab.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/identification.jpg

4. Cosmetic Tattoo(Permanent makeup)

The cosmetic surgery industry continues to see a trend of increased popularity for both surgical and non invasive procedures. When used as a form of cosmetics, tattooing includes permanent makeup and hiding or neutralising skin discolorations. Permanent makeup is use on tattoo is to enhanced eyebrows, lip liner, eyeliner and mole. The colour they usually use is natural colour as it to resemble makeup.

Image 4: Cosmetic Tattoo taken from http://sydneycosmetictattoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Cosmetic-tattoo-web1.jpg

5. Medical Tattoo

Medical tattoo is used to re information the wearer about they blood type, medical condition and etc. Some use tattoo as treatment for vitiligo, skin pigmentation disorder. Tattoo also use in Alzheimer's patient where they put they name so that they can be identified if they are missing.

Image 5: Example of medical tattoo taken from http://www.rcinet.ca/english/illustration/chronicle/HsMHPl_ScreenShot122.jpg

TATTOO RISKS

Because tattoo is required by breaking skin it can leads into allergic reaction and infection. Modern tattoos is low the risks of the infection by following universal precautions by using one single items and sterilising their equipment after each use. In amateur tattooing such as practising in the prison, there is an elevated risks for infections that been transmitted by the use of unsterilised tattoo equipment. for example fungal infection, hiv, herpes simplex virus and etc.

Image 6: Example of risks of tattoo taken at http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/tattoos_slideshow/phototake_rm_photo_of_MRSA_infected_tattoo.jpg

REMOVAL OF TATTOO

While tattoo is considered as permanent, they also can be removed fully or partially by laser treatments. Typically, black and some coloured inks can be removed more completely than inks of other colours. The expense and pain associated with removing tattoos are typically greater than the expense and pain associated with applying them. 

Image 7: Laser tattoo removal taken from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Laser_Tattoo_Removal_Alice_Pien_MD_AMAskincare.jpg

MANAGING DESIGN

RESEARCH

The name henna also refers to the dye prepared from the plant and the art of temporary body art (staining) based on those dyes (see also mendhi). Henna has been used since antiquity to dye skin, hair and fingernails, as well as fabrics including silk, wood and leather. The henna ink is produced by its leaves. Some people use the crush henna leaves and wraps it around their finger and waiting for the henna leaves to left the stain. Some peoples dried the henna leaves and process it so it become powdery and sometimes they mix it with lemon juice or tea, to get different color, usually they do this to dye hair. Henna also come in small pen kit that contain already processed henna ink and can be use instantly.
From this research, I also found about instant henna that contain harmful toxic that can left rashes and blisters.

Image 1: Henna leaves. Image taken from https://hennaxdotcom.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/henna-leaf-from-wikimedia.png

Image 2: Henna powder. Image taken from http://hennablogspot.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Jamila-2011-powder-in-bowl.jpg

Image 3: Henna ink after processing and packaging. Image taken from http://i.ebayimg.com/images/i/251558920060-0-1/s-l1000.jpg

Image 4: Variety of Henna ink and also come out with colorful version. Image taken from http://img.auctiva.com/imgdata/6/7/6/1/3/9/webimg/631472155_o.jpg?nc=633

MANAGING DESIGN

PROGRESS

After the tattoo research, I start to design my character for the final project. This is the references that I choose while I create the characters.

Image 1: References from Aladdin character. Image taken from https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/44/a5/e2/44a5e2c02ffa44e3d6e8320d12192ad9.jpg

Then, I draw my characters, but the compositon is not right and the size also.

Image 2: My first design for the characters. Image taken from Alexis's phone.

After finding the mistake, I amends the characters design and come out with final outcomes.

Image 3: Final character design with their costume and characteristic. Image taken from Alexis's phone.

The character is symbolizes Malaysian people before the independence day and also the invaders of Malaysia that time. So I learn about clothes or costumes that they use on that time. I also learn about Malaysia timeline. After doing the characters, I proceeds to the Malaysia timeline, where I focus on the part that has wars or chaos. There I kinda use like a spectrum waves to show the time where the chaos happen and line where there are peace happen.

Image 4: The timeline and the character become the storyboard. Image taken from Alexis's phone.

After creating the timeline, I put the the characters to create a story board and focus the story on the spectrum of the timeline. I only use mute characters and doesn't has any word as their dialogue because I was created this story into kind of graphic tattoo which is still in progress.

REFLECTION

From this, I understand how hard the people of Malaysia on that time to get their independence from the research that I look into. I also think that being Malaysian we need to be grateful and thankful with what we get and fight back to get what we should have.

MANAGING DESIGN

HISTORY OF TATTOO

Its apparent that tattooing was widely practised in many centuries in the ancient world and associated with a high level of artistic endeavour. The imagery of ancient tattooing is very similar to that modern tattooing. Throughout history tattooing like other forms of body decoration has been related to sensual, erotic and emotional of aspects of the psyche. In many cultures tattoos are traditionally associated with magic, totems and desired of the tattooed person to become identified with the spirit of animal.

BORNEO TATTOO

Borneo is one of the few places in the world where traditional tattooing is still practised today. Archaeological evidence has shown that ancestor of some contemporary native tribes have lived in Borneo for 50,000 years. The term "Dayak" is applied to a variety of native tribes including the Ibans, Kayans, and Kenyahs.

Head hunting and tattooing were intricately connected in the magic, ritual and social life of many tribes. The hand tattoos was a symbol of status in life and also served important function after death. Many of the traditional tattoo designs resembles decorative motifs founds in the art of Bali and Java and the tattooing instruments and techniques.

 

MANAGING DESIGN

MANAGING DESIGN

This week I need to analyse and understand the ideology of that research design that I choose. I choose qualitative designs that is case study and historical. This type of research design is to study and understand a single situation, which could be a leader, a classroom, a process, program and activity. Collect a variety of material in a specific and bounded time period. This also used for historical studies.

Historical research is the process systemically examining past event to give an account of what has happened in the past. It is not a mere accumulation of facts and dates or even descriptions of past event.

It is a flowing, dynamics account of past event which involves an interpretation of these events in an attempt to recapture the nuances, personalities and ideas that influenced this events. One of the goals as historical research is to communicate and understanding of past events.

The following five give important reasons for conducting historical research (based on Berg. 1998)

 1.   To uncover the unknown (i.e., some historical events are not recorded).

2.   To answer questions (i.e., there are many questions about our past that we not only want to know but can profit from knowing).

3.   To identify the relationship that the past has to the present (i.e., knowing about the past can frequently give a better perspective of current events).

4.   To record and evaluate the accomplishments of individuals, agencies, or institutions.

5.   To assist in understanding the culture in which we live (e.g., education is a part of our history and our culture).

MANAGING DESIGN

MANAGING DESIGN

INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH DESIGN

Research Design is to ensure that the evidence obtained enables us to effectively address the research problem logically and unambiguously as possible.

Social Science research is to obtaining information relevant to research problem generally entails to test a story, to evaluate a program, to accurately describe and asses meaning related to an observable phenomenon.

FORMS OF RESEARCH

Research is a systematic inquiry used to describe, explain, predict and control.

There 4 main forms based on specific purpose :

1.Basic research- Descriptive in nature and is used to understand and explain phenomenon
                          - often conducted for the sake of increasing and advancing a knowledge base

2. Applied research- to provide information that can be used and applied in an effort to help people to understand and control their environment
                                - more prescriptive in nature and seek to offer potential solutions to problem

3. Evaluation research- to examine the processes and outcomes associated with particular solution to a problem
                                   - may be formative-to improve solution or summative- to evaluate the effectiveness

4. Action research- often conducted within a program/organization/community(researcher are involved in gathering data and studying themselves.

There are two main approaches to a research problem- quantitative and qualitative methods,

1. Quantitative methods are used to examine the relationship between variables with the primary goal being analyse and represent that relationship mathematically through statistical analysis.

2. Qualitative methods chosen are chosen when goal of the research problem is to examine, understand and describe a phenomenon. These methods are a common choice in social science research problems and are often study ideas, belief, human behaviours and other research questions that not involve studying the relationship between variables.

PRINCIPLE OF MARKETING

LOGO

This is my logo that I created for my project. I choose oil lamp because a long time ago people in Mantin use this oil lamp to light their life in the night. I also choose this because there many building with this black soot at the wall so we can tell about that the people in Mantin using this oil lamp and I also using metaphor that this lamp oil is alive and also they see the interaction between the people in Mantin and the building surrounding them.

I name my project logo as MANTHINK is refers to the man thinking around the building and what interaction they done with the building around them. This word also come from play word from Mantin where the sound as it spoken is the same.

My first idea of logo as MANTHINK

The second idea of my logo

PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING

PROJECTS OVERVIEWS

This is my project overview sketches, I plan to print out the pictures that already took in the Journey to Mantin of building texture that I snaps and projecting my interactive story through the projector that connected to my laptops so that the audience can interact with my story by clicking and pressing the button on my laptop.

This is my project overview sketches:

This the place that I choose to do my exhibition

This is my project overview sketches 

PRINCIPLE OF MARKETING

TARGET AUDIENCE

What is target audience ? 

Target audiences is the intended audience or readership, advertisement or other message. In marketing and advertising, it is specific group of people within the target market at which product or the marketing message of product is aimed(kotler,2000).

A target audience can be formed of people of certain age group, gender or marital status. A combination factors, for example, men aged 20-30 is a common target audience. Others group although no the main focus, may also be interested. Discovery the appropriate target markets and determining the target audiences is one of the most important activities in marketing management (Niewenhuizen et.al 2000). Perhaps the biggest mistake it is possible to make in targeting to reach everybody and ending appealing to no one.

5 Critical tips to identifying your target audiences

1. Consult your business plan.
2. Begin researching
3. Develop Customer profile 
4. Find out where your target audience is
5. Monitor and evolve

REFERENCES

1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/target_audience
2. technori.com/2013/02/3122-5-critical-tips-for-identfying-your-target-audience/
3. www.entrepreneur.com/article/65242
4. www.forbes.com/sites/jaysondemes/2013/08/27/6-steps-to-decoding-your-target-audience.

PRINCIPLE OF MARKETING

GROUP PROJECTS

In doing this promotion of Mantin, we decided to do a small exhibition of projects that we will done. By doing this we created group and organized each person for job that specialized by what they going to do.

President: Samira Jamali
Public Relation: Siti Aisyah bt Mohd Ali
Illustrator Team: Alexis Lyndy and Mohd Hatmi
Photography Team: Jeffry Jilan and Satish Manoharan

As a president Samira need to guide us in what we are going to exhibit, she also guide in choosing what the best we should do in group. She also consulting with the tutor, how we going to distribute this information what we should describe to our target audience.

Aisyah need to create a link in social media marketing to connecting with our target audience. So created a Instagram page that been name as Lifian Exhibition and also an event page in Facebook so that we can connected with the target audience that we already chosen. She also posting what we doing and information about our group projects.

As Illustrator Team, Hatmi and I, we need to poster and logo for our group and also for feedback poster. We also need to look for color and sketches some of the examples of the poster that we going to show to the audience.

For Photography Team, Jeffry and Satish need to take pictures of the our subject matter Mantin, any discussion that we do as an evidence and also editing the picture before giving it to Aisyah so that she can publish it.

PRINCIPLE OF MARKETING

TRADEMARK

Trademark, trade mark or trade-mark is recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others, although trademark used to identify services are usual called services mark. The trademark owner can be individual, business organization or any legal entities. A trademark may be located on package, a label, a voucher or on the product itself. It also being displayed on company building as the corporate identity.

LOGO

Logo is a graphic mark, emblem or symbol commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and individuals aids and promote instant public recognition. There are 5 design principles of logo to create a proper logo.

1. SIMPLE
    The logo with too many complicated elements will distracted and confusing your audience. You want to take all your design inspirations and reduce it down to the basic. an effective logo should ony include features that are down to the basic. For example :

2. MEMORABLE

     A few second is all to make a nice impression but we need to make sure our logo make a lasting impression as well. Sharp color and unique design will make your logo stand out in a crowd. For example the Twitter logo:

3. TIMELESS

     Your logo has to be timeless. Following trends, such as popular fonts and styles, will potentially becomes a burden when the trends peter out. We want our logo to be able stand the test of time. Focus on your brand rather than latest trend. For example Coca Cola:

4. VERSATILE

     One of the best gift you can give your logo is the versatility. When designing logo, you must be mindful of the usage. You will be resizing this logo in different surfaces and materials and also pick logo that is effective at any size and the same goes to color. For example FedEx:

5. APPROPRIATE

    An appropriate logo is how it is defined your audience, what are you targeting and does your logo is conventionally attracting your target. For example:

PRINCIPLE OF MARKETING

ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN

Advertising Campaign is a series of advertisement message that share a single idea and theme. The critical thing in advertisement campaign is determining the campaign theme as it set the tone of the individual advertisement. The campaign theme is the central message that communicated with the promotional activities that held for the audience to understand about the campaign. Advertising campaign is to achieve a goals or the sets of goals. Also, a advertising campaign come down to where or not the public responds to repetitiveness in a positive or negative way. Also advertising campaign lasted really long time and it cost us a lot of money and people and it included web and print strategies including updating our products literature and pamphlets and copying the websites too.

 Video 1: An inspirational advertisement video from Thailand Insurance Company via Youtube

The reason I choose this advertisement is how the main character help the other character that help people realise what important in their life. The main character just do what he think that will lead to any change of another people even though he will never get money, fame and also popularity by doing this simple thing. In this video also show  about different type of human where this person want to help and doesn't hope anything return, the other person ignore to help people that they thing doesn't give anything to them.

This reflecting what I'm trying to do with my Mantin projects where I want to promoting the interaction between human and building in Mantin, so the people that come to Mantin will learn the story of the Mantin through the texture of the building and what interactions that involve in between the Mantin town and the people in Mantin town.

REFERENCE

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mantin

www.bussinesdictionary.com/definition/advertising-campaigm.html

Principle of Marketing

Principal of Marketing

Blog post 1;

The topic that I choose to promoting Mantin for Legendarian is about Historical Building. First, I want to promote history about Mantin but then I change my scope because of the communication problem between me and the older people of the village for the language gap. So, in this topic I, need to take picture about the old building or abandoned building. So in our journey to Mantin I take this opportunity to find the pictures that I need.

This the example of pictures of building that I take:

Picture 1

Picture 2

Picture 3

Picture 4

Picture 5

Picture 6

Picture 7

Picture 8

Picture 9

Picture 10

Picture 11

Picture 12

But I need to go to Mantin again to research more and take another pictures in another different perspectives s so that the Legendarians can see the different of pictures that take in 1 perspectives. This is the right side of Mantin. Mostly the old building is on the right side.

The historical building that I know in Mantin is Hakk Village age 120 years, Aloysius Church also 120 years and also Gudwara for Sikh people to pray but I didn't has the picture yet.