RESEARCH OF TATTOO
Tattoo is a form of modification, made by inserting ink, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin change the pigment. The word tattoo or tattow in 18th century, is a loan word from the Polynesian word tatau meaning "correct, workman like".
The first written reference to the word tattoo(or tatau) appears in the journal of Joseph Bank( 24 February 1743- 19 June 1820), the naturalist aboard Captain Cook's ship the HMS Endeavour. Tattoo enthusiasts may refer to tattoos as "ink", "pieces", "skin art", "tattoo art".
TYPES OF TATTOO
The American Academy of Dermatology distinguished 5 types of tattoo:
1. Traumatic Tattoo(Natural Tattoo)
2. Amateur & Professional Tattoo
3. Identification Tattoo
4. Comestic Tattoo
5. Medical Tattoo
1. Traumatic Tattoo(Natural Tattoo)
According to George Cowell, coal miners could develop characteristics tattoo owing to coal dust getting into wounds. Similarly, a traumatic tattoo occurs when a substance such as asphalt is rubbed into a wound as the result of some kind of accident or trauma. An amalgam tattoo is when amalgam particles are implanted in the soft tissues of the mouth, usually gums, during dental filling placement or removal. Another example of such accidental stabbing with pencil or pen.
Image 1: Traumatic Tattoo taken from http://www.avalonmedispa.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/TraumaticTattoo.png
2. Amateur and Professional Tattoo
Many tattoos serves as rites of passage, mark of status and rank, symbols of religious and spiritual devotion, decorations for bravery, sexual lures and marks of fertility, pledges of love and etc. The symbolism and impact of tattoos varies in different places and cultures. Today people choose to be tattooed for artistic, cosmetic, sentimental, religious and etc.
Image 2: Professional and Amateur Tattoo taken from http://www.kissyourinkgoodbye.com/uploads/5/0/1/9/50198399/4868652.jpg?299
3. Identification
People forcibly been tattooed. A well known example is the Nazi practise of forcibly tattooing Nazi concentration camp inmates with numbers during Holocaust as part of Nazi's Identification system in order to identify the bodies registered prisoners in the concentration camp. Tattoo also has been used for identification in other ways for example in early Zhou, Chinese authorities would employs facial tattoo as a punishments for certain crimes or to mark prisoner or slaves. In period of early contact between Maori and Europeans, the Maori people hunted and decapitated each others for their moko tattoos, which they traded for Europeans items.
Tattoo are sometimes used by forensic pathologists to help them identify burned, petrified or mutilated bodies as tattoo pigment lies encapsulated deep in skin, tattoo are not easy to destroy even when the skin is burned.
Image 3: Identification Tattoo of inmate of concentration camp taken from http://inkalab.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/identification.jpg
4. Cosmetic Tattoo(Permanent makeup)
The cosmetic surgery industry continues to see a trend of increased popularity for both surgical and non invasive procedures. When used as a form of cosmetics, tattooing includes permanent makeup and hiding or neutralising skin discolorations. Permanent makeup is use on tattoo is to enhanced eyebrows, lip liner, eyeliner and mole. The colour they usually use is natural colour as it to resemble makeup.
Image 4: Cosmetic Tattoo taken from http://sydneycosmetictattoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Cosmetic-tattoo-web1.jpg
5. Medical Tattoo
Medical tattoo is used to re information the wearer about they blood type, medical condition and etc. Some use tattoo as treatment for vitiligo, skin pigmentation disorder. Tattoo also use in Alzheimer's patient where they put they name so that they can be identified if they are missing.
Image 5: Example of medical tattoo taken from http://www.rcinet.ca/english/illustration/chronicle/HsMHPl_ScreenShot122.jpg
TATTOO RISKS
Because tattoo is required by breaking skin it can leads into allergic reaction and infection. Modern tattoos is low the risks of the infection by following universal precautions by using one single items and sterilising their equipment after each use. In amateur tattooing such as practising in the prison, there is an elevated risks for infections that been transmitted by the use of unsterilised tattoo equipment. for example fungal infection, hiv, herpes simplex virus and etc.
Image 6: Example of risks of tattoo taken at http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/tattoos_slideshow/phototake_rm_photo_of_MRSA_infected_tattoo.jpg
While tattoo is considered as permanent, they also can be removed fully or partially by laser treatments. Typically, black and some coloured inks can be removed more completely than inks of other colours. The expense and pain associated with removing tattoos are typically greater than the expense and pain associated with applying them.
Image 7: Laser tattoo removal taken from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Laser_Tattoo_Removal_Alice_Pien_MD_AMAskincare.jpg
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